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SourceForge

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the website. For other uses, see <a href="SourceForge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="SourceForge (disambiguation)">SourceForge (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">SourceForge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">SourceForge logo since 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Software discovery platform for free <a href="Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">hosting</a> for <a href="Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a> <a href="Software_project_management" title="Software project management">software project management</a> and B2B software review & comparison directory</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Slashdot_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Slashdot Media">Slashdot Media</a> (2019–present)<a href="#cite_note-markets.businessinsider.com-1">[1]</a> BIZX, LLC (2016–2019)<a href="#cite_note-MarketWire-2">[2]</a> <a href="DHI_Group%2C_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="DHI Group, Inc.">DHI Group, Inc.</a> (2012–2016) <a href="Geeknet" title="Geeknet">Geeknet</a>, Inc. (1999–2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="VA_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="VA Software">VA Software</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Logan Abbott (<a href="President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)<a href="#cite_note-MarketWire-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-sourceforge-acquisition-post-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/">sourceforge.net</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> support</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional (required for creating and joining projects)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1999 (1999-11)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Online</td></tr></tbody></table>

SourceForge is a <a href="Web_service" title="Web service">web service</a> founded by <a href="Tony_Guntharp" title="Tony Guntharp">Tony Guntharp</a>, Uriah Welcome, Tim Perdue, and Drew Streib in November 1999. SourceForge provides a centralized software discovery platform, including an online platform for managing and hosting <a href="Open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source">open-source</a> software projects, and a directory for comparing and reviewing B2B software that lists over 104,500 business software titles.<a href="#cite_note-sourceforge-about-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It provides <a href="Source_code_repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Source code repository">source code repository</a> hosting, <a href="Bug_tracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug tracking">bug tracking</a>, <a href="Mirror_site" title="Mirror site">mirroring</a> of downloads for <a href="Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancing</a>, a <a href="Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> for documentation, developer and user <a href="Internet_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet mailing list">mailing lists</a>, user-support <a href="Internet_forum" title="Internet forum">forums</a>, user-written <a href="Review" title="Review">reviews</a> and ratings, a <a href="News_bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="News bulletin">news bulletin</a>, <a href="Micro-blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-blog">micro-blog</a> for publishing project updates, and other features.

SourceForge was one of the first to offer this service free of charge to open-source projects.<a href="#cite_note-earthweb2007-6">[6]</a> Since 2012, the website has run on <a href="Apache_Allura" title="Apache Allura">Apache Allura</a> software. SourceForge offers free hosting and free access to tools for developers of <a href="Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> and <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a>.

As of September 2020, the SourceForge repository claimed to host more than 502,000 projects and had more than 3.7 million registered users.<a href="#cite_note-sourceforge-about-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2></div>

SourceForge is a web-based <a href="Source_code_repository" class="mw-redirect" title="Source code repository">source code repository</a>. It acts as a centralized location for <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a> projects. It was the first to offer this service for free to open-source projects. Project developers have access to centralized storage and tools for managing projects, though it is best known for providing <a href="Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">revision control</a> systems such as <a href="Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a>, <a href="Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion">Subversion</a>, <a href="GNU_Bazaar" title="GNU Bazaar">Bazaar</a>, <a href="Git" title="Git">Git</a> and <a href="Mercurial" title="Mercurial">Mercurial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Major features (amongst others)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> include project <a href="Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a>, metrics and analysis, access to a <a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a>, and unique sub-domain <a href="URL" title="URL">URLs</a> (in the form <code>http://<var>project-name</var>.sourceforge.net</code>).

The vast number of users at SourceForge.net (over three million as of 2013)<a href="#cite_note-compete1-9">[9]</a> exposes prominent projects to a variety of developers and can create a <a href="Positive_feedback_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive feedback loop">positive feedback loop</a>. As a project's activity rises, SourceForge.net's internal ranking system makes it more visible to other developers through SourceForge directory and Enterprise Directory.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Given that many open-source projects fail due to lack of developer support, exposure to such a large community of developers can continually breathe new life into a project.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revenue_model">Revenue model</h3></div>

SourceForge's traditional revenue model is through advertising banner sales on their site. Reported revenue increased from quarterly takings of <a href="United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>1 million in 2005, to 6.5 million in 2006 <a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> to US$23 million a quarter in 2009<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> before dropping back to reported total annual revenue of US$20 million in 2011 across SourceForge, slashdot and freecode (prior to SourceForge's acquisition).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

Since 2013, additional revenue generation schemes, such as <a href="Bundleware" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundleware">bundleware</a> models, have been trialled, with the goal of increasing SourceForge's revenue. Negative community reactions to the partnership program led to a review of the program, which was nonetheless opened up to all SourceForge projects on February 7, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

On February 9, 2016, the new owners BIZX, LLC, announced they had eliminated the DevShare program.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

SourceForge, founded in 1999 by <a href="VA_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="VA Software">VA Software</a>, was the first provider of a centralized location for free and open-source software developers to control and manage software development and offering this service free of charge.<a href="#cite_note-earthweb2007-6">[6]</a> The software running the SourceForge site was released as free software in January 2000<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and was later named SourceForge Alexandria.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The last release under a free license was made in November 2001.<a href="#cite_note-lwn2002-21">[21]</a> After the <a href="Dot-com_bubble#Companies" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, SourceForge was later powered by the proprietary <a href="SourceForge_Enterprise_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="SourceForge Enterprise Edition">SourceForge Enterprise Edition</a>, a separate product re-written in <a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> which was marketed for use in <a href="Offshore_outsourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore outsourcing">offshore outsourcing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

SourceForge has been temporarily banned in <a href="People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a> three times: in September 2002,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> in July 2008 (for about a month)<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> and on August 6, 2012 (for several days).

In November 2008, SourceForge was sued by the French <a href="Collection_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Collection society">collection society</a> <a href="Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_civile_des_Producteurs_de_Phonogrammes_en_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Société civile des Producteurs de Phonogrammes en France">Société civile des Producteurs de Phonogrammes en France</a> (SPPF) for hosting downloads of the file sharing application <a href="Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>

In 2009, SourceForge announced a new site platform known as Allura, which would be an extensible, open source platform licensed under the <a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache License</a>, utilizing components such as <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> and <a href="MongoDB" title="MongoDB">MongoDB</a>, and offering <a href="REST" title="REST">REST</a> <a href="API" title="API">APIs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sf-anopenforge-29">[29]</a> In June 2012, the Allura project was donated to the <a href="Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> as Apache Allura.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>

In September 2012, SourceForge, <a href="Slashdot" title="Slashdot">Slashdot</a>, and <a href="Freecode" title="Freecode">Freecode</a> were acquired from <a href="Geeknet" title="Geeknet">Geeknet</a> by the online job site <a href="Dice.com" title="Dice.com">Dice.com</a> for $20 million, and incorporated into a subsidiary known as Slashdot Media.<a href="#cite_note-dice2012-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-theh2012-33">[33]</a> In July 2015, Dice announced that it planned to sell SourceForge and Slashdot,<a href="#cite_note-ars-dhisell-34">[34]</a> and, in January 2016, the two sites were sold to the San Diego–based BIZX, LLC for an undisclosed amount.<a href="#cite_note-sdbj-bizx-35">[35]</a> In December 2019, <a href="BIZX" class="mw-redirect" title="BIZX">BIZX</a> rebranded as <a href="Slashdot_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Slashdot Media">Slashdot Media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-markets.businessinsider.com-1">[1]</a>

On September 26, 2012, it was reported that attackers had compromised a SourceForge mirror, and modified a download of <a href="PhpMyAdmin" title="PhpMyAdmin">phpMyAdmin</a> to add security exploits.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Installer_with_adware">Installer with adware</h2></div>

In July 2013, SourceForge announced that it would provide project owners with an optional feature called DevShare, which places closed-source ad-supported content into the binary installers and gives the project part of the ad revenue.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Opinions of this new feature varied; some complained about users not being as aware of what they are getting or being able to trust the downloaded content, whereas others saw it as a reasonably harmless option that keeps individual projects and users in control.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a>

In November 2013, <a href="GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>, a free image manipulation program, removed its download from SourceForge, citing misleading download buttons that potentially confuse customers as well as SourceForge's own Windows installer, which bundles <a href="Potentially_unwanted_program" title="Potentially unwanted program">potentially unwanted programs</a> with GIMP. In a statement, GIMP called SourceForge a "once useful and trustworthy place to develop and host FLOSS applications" that now faces "a problem with the ads they allow on their sites".<a href="#cite_note-Register:_Gimp_departs_SourceForge-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a>

In some cases this program appeared to introduce <a href="Malware" title="Malware">malware</a> bundled with SourceForge downloads.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>

In May 2015, SourceForge took control of pages for five projects that had migrated to other hosting sites and replaced the project downloads with <a href="Adware" title="Adware">adware</a>-laden downloads, including GIMP.<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica.com-43">[43]</a> This came despite SourceForge's commitment in November 2013 to never bundle adware with project downloads without developers' consent.<a href="#cite_note-sf-bundle-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-nmap-hijack-45">[45]</a>

On June 1, 2015, SourceForge claimed that they had stopped coupling "third party offers" with unmaintained SourceForge projects.<a href="#cite_note-sf-20150601-46">[46]</a> After this announcement was made, more developers continued to report that their SourceForge projects had been taken over by SourceForge staff accounts (but have not had binaries edited), including <a href="Nmap" title="Nmap">nmap</a><a href="#cite_note-nmap-hijack-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-nmap-47">[47]</a> and <a href="VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vlc-sf-48">[48]</a>

On June 18, 2015, SourceForge announced that SourceForge-maintained mirrored projects were removed and anticipated the formation of a Community Panel to review their mirroring practices.<a href="#cite_note-sf-20150618-49">[49]</a>

SourceForge discontinued DevShare and the bundling of installers after SourceForge was sold to BizX in early 2016.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-sourceforge-acquisition-post-3">[3]</a> On May 17, 2016, SourceForge announced that they were now scanning all projects for malware and displaying warnings on projects detected to have malware.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

As of May 2013, the SourceForge repository hosted more than 300,000 projects and had more than 3 million registered users,<a href="#cite_note-what-is-sourceforge-52">[52]</a> although not all were active. The domain sourceforge.net attracted at least 33 million visitors by August 2009 according to a <a href="Compete.com" title="Compete.com">Compete.com</a> survey.<a href="#cite_note-compete1-9">[9]</a>

In its terms of use,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> SourceForge states that its services are not available to users in countries on the sanction list of the U.S. <a href="Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control" title="Office of Foreign Assets Control">Office of Foreign Assets Control</a> (including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria). Since 2008 the secure server used for making contributions to the site has blocked access from those countries. In January 2010, the site had blocked all access from those countries, including downloads. Any IP address that appeared to belong to one of those countries could not use the site.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> By the following month, SourceForge relaxed the restrictions so that individual projects could indicate whether or not SourceForge should block their software from download to those countries.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> This, however, had been reversed by November 2020 for North Korea and other countries.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> has been blocked since February 1, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/slashdot-media-to-merge-with-bizx-llc-creating-a-market-leader-in-b2b-software-technology-and-data-1028780285">"Slashdot Media to Merge with BIZX, LLC, Creating a Market Leader in B2B, Software, Technology, and Data"</a>. BusinessInsider.com. Retrieved January 12, 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-sourceforge-acquisition-post-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sourceforge-acquisition-post_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourceforge-acquisition-post_3-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFAbbott2016" class="citation web cs1">Abbott, Logan (February 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/blog/sourceforge-acquisition-and-future-plans/">"SourceForge Acquisition and Future Plans"</a>. SourceForge. Retrieved January 1, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-sourceforge-about-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sourceforge-about_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sourceforge-about_4-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/about">"About SourceForge"</a>. SourceForge.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/software/">"Compare Business Software"</a>. SourceForge.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-earthweb2007-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earthweb2007_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-earthweb2007_6-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMaguire2007" class="citation web cs1">Maguire, James (October 17, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716044546/http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/cnews/article.php/3705731">"The SourceForge Story"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/cnews/article.php/3705731">the original</a> on July 16, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2012.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SourceForge" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:SourceForge">SourceForge</a>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourceforge.net/">Official website</a> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datamation.com/open-source/the-sourceforge-story/">"The SourceForge Story"</a>, by James Maguire (2007-10-17)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Bug_tracking_systems302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Bug_tracking_system" title="Bug tracking system">Bug tracking systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Years indicate the date of first stable release.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Client-server</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="GNATS" title="GNATS">GNATS</a> (<time>1992</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Debbugs" title="Debbugs">Debbugs</a> (<time>1994</time> / <time>1999</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Bugzilla" title="Bugzilla">Bugzilla</a> (<time>1998</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Request_Tracker" title="Request Tracker">Request Tracker</a> (<time>1999</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Mantis_Bug_Tracker" title="Mantis Bug Tracker">MantisBT</a> (<time>2000</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Roundup_(issue_tracker)" title="Roundup (issue tracker)">Roundup</a> (<time>2001</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Redmine" title="Redmine">Redmine</a> (<time>2006</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Apache_Allura" title="Apache Allura">Apache Allura</a> (<time>2009</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Phabricator" title="Phabricator">Maniphest</a> (<time>2010</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Tuleap_(project_management)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuleap (project management)">Tuleap</a> (<time>2011</time>)</li>

<li><a href="GitLab" title="GitLab">GitLab</a> (<time>2011</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Apache_Bloodhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Bloodhound">Apache Bloodhound</a> (<time>2012</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Gitea" title="Gitea">Gitea</a> (<time>2016</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Codeberg" title="Codeberg">Codeberg</a> (<time>2019</time>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Helix_ALM" title="Helix ALM">Helix ALM</a> (formerly TestTrack) (<time>1998</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Axosoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Axosoft">Axosoft</a> (<time>2002</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Azure_DevOps_Server" title="Azure DevOps Server">Azure DevOps Server</a> (<time>2005</time>)</li>

<li><a href="YouTrack" title="YouTrack">YouTrack</a> (<time>2009</time>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distributed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fossil_(software)" title="Fossil (software)">Fossil</a> (<time>2006</time>)</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Azure_DevOps_Server" title="Azure DevOps Server">Azure DevOps Server</a> (<time>2013</time>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="SaaS" class="mw-redirect" title="SaaS">SaaS</a>-only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="GNU_Savannah" title="GNU Savannah">GNU Savannah</a> (<time>2000</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Launchpad_(website)" title="Launchpad (website)">Launchpad</a> (<time>2004</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Assembla" title="Assembla">Assembla</a> (<time>2005</time>)</li>

<li><a href="CodePlex" title="CodePlex">CodePlex</a> (<time>2006</time>) discontinued</li>

<li><a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> (<time>2008</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Bitbucket" title="Bitbucket">Bitbucket</a> (<time>2008</time>)</li>

<li><a href="YouTrack" title="YouTrack">YouTrack</a> (<time>2011</time>)</li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Azure DevOps Services</a> (<time>2012</time>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_issue-tracking_systems" title="Comparison of issue-tracking systems">Comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Free_and_open-source_software510" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alternative_terms_for_free_software" title="Alternative terms for free software">Alternative terms for free software</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software" title="Comparison of open-source and closed-source software">Comparison of open-source and closed-source software</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_source-code-hosting_facilities" title="Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities">Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">Free software project directories</a></li>

<li><a href="Gratis_versus_libre" title="Gratis versus libre">Gratis versus libre</a></li>

<li><a href="Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_development" title="Open-source software development">Open-source software development</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_free_software" title="Outline of free software">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="Timeline of free and open-source software">Timeline</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages" title="List of free and open-source software packages">Software packages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_free_software_for_audio" title="Comparison of free software for audio">Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_bioinformatics_software" title="List of open-source bioinformatics software">Bioinformatics</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_codecs" title="List of open-source codecs">Codecs</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_configuration_management_software" title="Comparison of open-source configuration management software">Configuration management</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Drivers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">Wireless</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_health_software" title="List of open-source health software">Health</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics" title="List of open-source software for mathematics">Mathematics</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_office_suites" title="List of office suites">Office suites</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_open-source_operating_systems" title="Comparison of open-source operating systems">Operating systems</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_routing_platforms" title="List of open-source routing platforms">Routing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_television_software" title="List of free television software">Television</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_open-source_video_games" title="List of open-source video games">Video games</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_web_applications" title="List of free and open-source web applications">Web applications</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_shopping_cart_software" title="Comparison of shopping cart software">E-commerce</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_Android_applications" title="List of free and open-source Android applications">Android apps</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_commercial_open-source_applications_and_services" title="List of commercial open-source applications and services">Commercial</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_formerly_proprietary_software" title="List of formerly proprietary software">Formerly proprietary</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_formerly_free_and_open-source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of formerly free and open-source software">Formerly open-source</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Community_of_practice" title="Community of practice">Community</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_software_movement" title="Free software movement">Free software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_free_and_open-source_software" title="History of free and open-source software">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source-software_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source-software movement">Open-source-software movement</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free-software_events" title="List of free-software events">Events</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_advocacy" title="Open-source software advocacy">Advocacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_free_and_open-source_software_organizations" title="List of free and open-source software organizations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Free_Software_Movement_of_India" title="Free Software Movement of India">Free Software Movement of India</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free-software_license" title="Free-software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Apache_License" title="Apache License">Apache</a></li>

<li><a href="Artistic_License" title="Artistic License">Artistic</a></li>

<li><a href="Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li>

<li><a href="Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Software_Foundation" title="Free Software Foundation">Free Software Foundation</a>

<li><a href="Python_License" title="Python License">Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Software_Foundation_License" title="Python Software Foundation License">Python Software Foundation License</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleepycat_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleepycat License">Sleepycat</a></li>

<li><a href="Unlicense" title="Unlicense">Unlicense</a></li>

<li><a href="WTFPL" title="WTFPL">WTFPL</a></li>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Types_and_standards23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_free_and_open-source_software_licenses" title="Comparison of free and open-source software licenses">Comparison of licenses</a></li>

<li><a href="Contributor_License_Agreement" title="Contributor License Agreement">Contributor License Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Copyleft" title="Copyleft">Copyleft</a></li>

<li><a href="Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Debian Free Software Guidelines">Debian Free Software Guidelines</a></li>

<li><a href="Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works" title="Definition of Free Cultural Works">Definition of Free Cultural Works</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_license" title="Free license">Free license</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Free_Software_Definition" title="The Free Software Definition">The Free Software Definition</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Open_Source_Definition" title="The Open Source Definition">The Open Source Definition</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_license" title="Open-source license">Open-source license</a></li>

<li><a href="Permissive_software_license" title="Permissive software license">Permissive software license</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Challenges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="License_proliferation" title="License proliferation">License proliferation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozilla_software_rebranded_by_Debian" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla software rebranded by Debian">Mozilla software rebranding</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_device_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary device driver">Proprietary device drivers</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></li>

<li><a href="SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO/Linux controversies</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_patents_and_free_software" title="Software patents and free software">Software patents</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_software_security" title="Open-source software security">Software security</a></li>

<li><a href="Tivoization" title="Tivoization">Tivoization</a></li>

<li><a href="Trusted_Computing" title="Trusted Computing">Trusted Computing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">Forking</a></li>

<li><a href="GNU_Manifesto" title="GNU Manifesto">GNU Manifesto</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li>

<li><a href="Open-source_hardware" title="Open-source hardware">Open-source hardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shared_Source_Initiative" title="Shared Source Initiative">Shared Source Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available software</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar" title="The Cathedral and the Bazaar">The Cathedral and the Bazaar</a></li>

<li><a href="Revolution_OS" title="Revolution OS">Revolution OS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold"><div>

<ul><li> <a href="Portal%3AFree_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Portal</a></li>

<li> Category</li></ul>

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